6 However, subsequent research has tended to indicate that fennel does not have significant phytoestrogen activity. 9.Īt one time it was thought that fennel had estrogen-like effects, making it a Why Does This Database Rely on Double-blind Studies?) Another study of fennel also failed to use a placebo. Because participants and researchers were aware of which treatment was which, the power of suggestion had free play, making the results almost meaningless. That compared fennel to the drug mefenamic acid. Menstrual pain actually proved nothing at all. One study commonly cited as evidence that fennel is helpful for No other proposed uses of fennel have undergone study in double-blind trials. Previously, a small double-blind, placebo-controlled study found similar benefits with a tea containing fennel as well as other herbs ( While these are promising results, confirmation by an independent research group is necessary before the treatment can be accepted as effective. In the treated group, infants cried about 9 hours per week, compared to 12 hours in the placebo group. Another way to view at the results involves looking at hours of inconsolable crying. About 40% of the infants receiving fennel showed relief of colic symptoms, as compared to only 14% in the placebo group, a significant difference. Only one such study of this type has been performed for fennel.Ĭolic, who received either placebo or fennel seed oil at a dose of 12 mg daily per kg of body weight. 1,2ĭouble-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans can actually show a treatment effective. Remember: you can always add more but you can’t take away.Test-tube studies hint at a number of potential medicinal effects of fennel or its constituents, such as relaxing smooth muscles, stimulating the flow of bile, and reducing pain. ![]() This sauce is rich and fatty and needs to be treated almost like a condiment. When it’s time to mix the pasta with the sauce, I know you’re going to do what you want, but let me say this: Pasta should be lightly dressed with bolognese, not doused. Prepare your pasta as you would, get out the cheese and your cheese grater or microplane. ![]() Once the sauce is to your liking, add the butter, let it melt. And if it needs more time, it needs more time! Keep simmering.Ħ. If it still looks soupy or like the meat is not fully melted/incorporated into the sauce, it needs more time. Around the two hour mark, the sauce should be thickened considerably, the meat melting into the tomatoes, everything tasting slightly sweet a little tangy, deeply meaty. Alternatively, you can pop your oven safe dutch oven into a 300° oven for the same amount of time, but then it becomes more difficult to taste as you go, my favorite part.ĥ. If it seems very thick after one hour, add additional broth. NOTE: You do NOT want this sauce to boil or you risk messing up the eventual emulsification of the sauce (read: it’ll always feel soupy/grainy rather than silky/creamy). Let this sauce gently simmer and lightly bubble for at least two (2) hours, uncovered, stirring occasionally, tasting as you go because it already smells so good, you can’t believe you have to wait that long, so may as well taste as you go. Bring to a strong simmer and then reduce the heat to medium–low (or, if you have an especially powerful range, low). Add the white wine and let it cook down until it’s barely there, 3-5 minutes, followed by the tomatoes, broth and milk (the milk may separate a bit or look grainy at this point-don’t worry, it will meld together as the sauce simmers). ![]() Add the fennel seed and crushed red pepper flakes, if using (if not- are you some sort of purist? Honestly, respect).Ĥ. Season again with salt and pepper and continue cooking until the meat is browned 100% to your liking and the onion and fennel are softened nicely, but without much color themselves (another 10-15 minutes).ģ. Continue cooking the meat until it’s about 80% browned to your liking (this should take 10-15 minutes at least), then add the garlic, onion and fennel. Using your wooden spoon or spatula, break up the meat as it browns (the ultimate end goal is for the meat to effectively melt into the sauce, so you do want it in smaller pieces from the get go).Ģ. Add the beef and pork and season with salt and pepper. Heat olive oil in a large, heavy bottomed dutch oven or pot over medium-high heat.
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